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Guides · Small Business & Bookkeeping

Small Business & Bookkeeping guides

491 plain-English guides on small business & bookkeeping, each one ending in what to do next.

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Small Business & Bookkeeping

IRS Payment Plans for Small Business Tax Debt: Installment Agreements, OIC, and Currently Not Collectible

Business owners who owe taxes they cannot pay in full have options: short-term payment plans, long-term installment agreements, Offer in Compromise.

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

IRS Penalty Abatement: First-Time Penalty Relief, Reasonable Cause, and How to Request It

The IRS imposes penalties on late filing (IRC 6651(a)(1), 5% per month up to 25%), late payment (IRC 6651(a)(2), 0.5% per month up to 25%).

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

IRS Penalty Abatement: First-Time Abatement, Reasonable Cause, and How to Get Penalties Removed

IRS penalties can be abated through first-time abatement (administrative waiver) or reasonable cause. FTA is the easier path and requires no documentation.

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

IRS Power of Attorney (Form 2848): How to Authorize Your CPA to Represent You Before the IRS

Form 2848 (Power of Attorney and Declaration of Representative) authorizes a CPA, enrolled agent, or attorney to represent you before the IRS.

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

IRS Statute of Limitations: How Long the IRS Has to Audit, Assess, and Collect

The IRS does not have unlimited time to audit your return, assess additional taxes, or collect on a tax debt. Statute of limitations overview.

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

IRS Payment Options: Installment Agreements, OIC, and What Happens When You Can't Pay

If you owe taxes and can't pay in full, the IRS offers several payment options. A short-term payment plan (180 days) has no setup fee.

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

How Long to Keep Business Tax Records: IRS Requirements and Practical Guidelines

The IRS requires business records for 3-7 years depending on the type. Retention periods by record type: Keep for 3 years (standard audit statute): -.

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

Leasing vs. Buying Business Equipment: Tax Deductions, Cash Flow, and Total Cost Compared

The decision to lease or buy business equipment involves trade-offs between immediate tax deductions, cash flow preservation, and total cost of ownership.

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

Leasing vs. Buying Equipment: Tax Implications for Small Business Owners

Buying equipment offers Section 179 immediate expensing and bonus depreciation. Leasing preserves cash and provides ongoing deductions.

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

Tax Treatment of Leasehold Improvements: Depreciation Rules for Tenants and Landlords

Leasehold improvements (also called tenant improvements or build-outs) are permanent improvements made to leased commercial space by either the tenant.

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

Leasing vs. Buying Equipment: Tax Comparison for Small Business

Buying equipment gives you Section 179 and bonus depreciation upfront. Leasing spreads the deduction over the lease term.

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

1031 Like-Kind Exchange: Deferring Capital Gains on Real Estate Sales

A 1031 like-kind exchange under IRC 1031 defers capital gains and depreciation recapture taxes when selling business or investment real estate.

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

Like-Kind Exchange (IRC 1031): How to Defer Capital Gains on Commercial Property Sales

A like-kind exchange under IRC 1031 allows a taxpayer to defer capital gains tax when selling investment or business-use real property and reinvesting.

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

1031 Like-Kind Exchanges: How to Defer Capital Gains on Real Estate Indefinitely

A like-kind exchange under IRC 1031 allows a taxpayer to defer capital gains tax on the sale of investment or business real property by reinvesting.

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

1031 Like-Kind Exchange Rules: Deadlines, Identification, and Common Mistakes That Blow Up Exchanges

A 1031 like-kind exchange under IRC 1031 allows an investor to defer all capital gains and depreciation recapture taxes when selling an investment.

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

IRC 1031 Like-Kind Exchange: Complete Rules, Timelines, and Qualification Requirements for Real Estate

A 1031 like-kind exchange allows a real estate investor to sell an investment or business property and defer all capital gains tax by reinvesting.

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

1031 Like-Kind Exchange: Rules, Timelines, and How to Defer Capital Gains on Real Estate

A 1031 like-kind exchange (IRC 1031) allows real estate investors and business owners to defer capital gains tax and depreciation recapture when selling.

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

IRC 1031 Like-Kind Exchanges: Rules, Timelines, and Tax Deferral for Real Property

A like-kind exchange under IRC 1031 allows a real estate investor to defer capital gains tax indefinitely by exchanging one investment or business-use.

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

LLC Operating Agreement Tax Provisions: What Every Business Owner Should Include

Critical tax provisions for LLC operating agreements: 1. Allocation of income and losses (IRC 704(b)). Allocation of income.

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

Sole Proprietorship vs. LLC vs. S-Corp: Which Entity Structure Saves the Most Tax?

A side-by-side comparison of tax treatment for sole proprietors, single-member LLCs, and S-Corps at three income levels.

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

LLC vs. S-Corp vs. C-Corp: Complete Tax Comparison for Small Businesses

An LLC is a legal structure (liability protection), not a tax election. An S-Corp reduces self-employment tax. Compare LLC, S-Corp, and sole.

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

LLC vs. Sole Proprietorship: When to Form an LLC for Your Small Business

An LLC provides liability protection but does not change the tax treatment by default. A sole proprietor and a single-member LLC file the same Schedule C.

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

LLC vs. Sole Proprietorship Tax Comparison: Self-Employment Tax, QBI, and Filing Differences

An LLC does NOT change your tax rate. A single-member LLC is taxed identically to a sole proprietorship (Schedule C, SE tax on all net profit).

Sep 5, 2026
Small Business & Bookkeeping

Self-Employment Tax Reduction Strategies: How to Legally Lower Your 15.3% SE Tax

Self-employment tax (15.3% on net SE income up to $176,100, then 2.9% Medicare above) is the largest tax many sole proprietors pay.

Sep 5, 2026